We present a series of around three studies in which i examined grammatical sex effects for the Gloss

Within the Experiment step one (in line with the browse paradigm of the Vigliocco et al., 2005) we put good categorization task, where players was in fact expected to decide two terms and conditions away from a beneficial triad, according to research by the first connection regarding their similarity. The target was to evaluate if or not lower than including requirements grammatical intercourse outcomes might possibly be expose for abstract conditions, labels off pet and inanimate stuff. Into the Try out dos, according to research by the Implicit Association Test (IAT) paradigm, professionals did an excellent semantic categorization task below big big date pressure. The objective would be to check whether grammatical sex are implicitly obtainable when doing a role one to operates on lexical and semantic peak. Inside Analysis step 3, we checked this new attribution out-of men and women sounds so you can pet and you may inanimate objects, displayed either since the words or photo, to be sure whether or not the dictate away from grammatical intercourse goes not in the lexical and you may semantic levels and towards graphic representations, and you will truly contrasting the effects to own spoken and you will artwork stimuli. I presumed that gotten results will allow us to decide to try the newest assumptions of gender and gender hypothesis together with resemblance and intercourse hypothesis relating to the Gloss words.

Based on the sex and you can gender theory, grammatical intercourse effects are required become stronger in languages having a high structure involving the grammatical gender from nouns additionally the physical sex of the referents

When you look at the Polish, it feel is restricted by proven fact that you can find around three genders in the singular mode (masculine, women, neutral) as well as 2 men and women regarding the plural setting (masculine-individual and you can low-masculine-personal), having a bit a complicated reference to its just one competitors. Grammatical gender out of nouns may differ between their one and plural versions – the fresh new non-masculine-private plural function encompasses every just one mode nouns apart from masculine nouns referring to individuals. Such as, ‘ten pies’ (a dog) which is male during the one function, gets ‘te psy’ (dogs), that’s low-masculine-individual from inside the plural, but ‘10 kowal’ (a great blacksmith, masculine one) becomes ‘ci kowale’ (blacksmiths, masculine-personal plural). A less limited style of the newest gender and you can sex theory manage anticipate indeed there as grammatical intercourse outcomes only for nouns it comes so you’re able to pets and you may humans – having a physical intercourse. In the around three tests exhibited in this papers, i integrated nouns writing about pet (Test 1 and you will 3), inanimate objects (the studies) and you can conceptual records (Try out 1).

This new rigid kind of the brand new intercourse and you will intercourse theory perform therefore expect insufficient grammatical sex outcomes inside the Gloss, not in place of of numerous wrote degree german born

Various other factor highly relevant to the fresh new intercourse and intercourse/similarity and you can intercourse hypotheses is the fact that the Polish words uses an excellent wide array of sex matical intercourse connected to many elements of message, not only to nouns. Grammatical gender has to be experienced while using verbs, numerals, adjectives, pronouns, etc. And the resemblance and you may sex hypothesis create assume you to grammatical intercourse consequences show up in all new exhibited experiments, having fun with each other animate and you can inanimate nouns. Observing grammatical gender consequences for nouns referring to items that do not have a physical intercourse would offer strong support with the similarity and you may intercourse hypothesis.

The brand new presented browse along with is designed to attempt a couple far more particular research questions. Test 2 uses an altered implicit organization attempt to analyze whether or not grammatical intercourse outcomes within the Shine occur on lexicosemantic height, and not for the abstract level. Experiment step 3 uses a strategy which involves attributing mГ­t na tento odkaz nahlГ©dnout masculine/female sounds to objects inside the an animated movie) to check on whether grammatical gender consequences occur for the a conceptual peak. Of course, if writing about lexicosemantic and you can abstract levels of operating, i make use of the distinction such as Vigliocco ainsi que al. (2005, p. 510): brand new lexicosemantic peak corresponds to the new significance away from words and their linguistic running (installing into the categories, retrieving and utilizing lexical suggestions, etc.) without having to perform rational representations of words’ referents. Having said that, brand new conceptual top will be based upon the latest rational representations of referents in addition to their characteristics, which is non-linguistic in the wild. Having fun with vocabulary as opposed to making reference to intellectual representations away from things is strictly lexicosemantic, while you are operating intellectual representations without the need for words is precisely abstract.